Sunday, 28 February 2016

Are you addicted to the drugs in coffee?

Source background
A healthy addiction! 
According to Ben Taub in "Drinking Coffee May Protect The Liver From Alcohol Damage," recent large studies have added to the growing consensus among scientists that coffee is good for health. The most recent research shows that drinking coffee every day has a very strong beneficial result for livers that might otherwise suffer from the effects of alcohol use, with just one cup of coffee daily reducing the risk of the liver disease cirrhosis caused by alcohol by 22%, whilst four cups of coffee daily reduced the risk of this liver disease by 65% (2016). Taub also reports that other research suggests that coffee might also have "anti-cancer and aphrodisiac properties."

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My Yes/No question is:
Are you addicted to the drugs in coffee?

My answer is:
Yes, definitely. Like many people, I suffer withdrawal symptoms if I don't get my daily coffees. I have drunk at least two large, strong cups of fresh brewed coffee every day for almost forty years now. Over the last year or so, I've read several reports which suggest that coffee is not only not harmful, but that this collection of popular drugs of addiction is very good for the health of its addicts. In fact, coffee is much healthier than green tea!  This surprises some people, and it did surprise me, but that's what the increasing facts support.

So, if you aren't already, you might like to consider getting addicted to coffee. Other benefits are the great taste and sociability of a cup of coffee which I guess goes with the possible aphrodisiac benefits of coffee. The only disadvantage I can think of is that you suffer  nasty headaches and other withdrawal symptoms if you visit a small village in Sukothai having forgotten to pack your personal supply.
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Reference
Taub, B. (2016, February 25). Drinking coffee may protect the liver from alcohol damage. IFL Science. Retrieved from http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/drinking-coffee-may-protect-liver-alcohol-damage-study-suggests

Is Zuckerberg right to block hate speech on Facebook?

Source background
In "Facebook wants to crack down against hate speech on migrants" (2016), BBC newsbeat reports that Facebook's founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg has agreed with German authorities that racist hate speech is something that there is "now ... no tolerance for on Facebook." Although there is rising opposition in Germany to its government's policy of accepting refugees from countries such as Syria, Germany's history from the Second World War also means that today it has strong laws against hate speech that might threaten minorities. German authorities think that Facebook has not been fast enough in the past to remove hate speech according to German law because such removal conflicted with other Facebook priorities.

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My Yes/No question is:
Is Zuckerberg right to block hate speech on Facebook?

My answer is:
Yes, but not everywhere and definitely not because it's what German law demands. Except for people who do it, like the Burmese Buddhists who want to suppress or expel the Rohingya people, or people who say things like "All Muslims are terrorists," or people who say that gays or transgender people are sick, most people probably agree that hate speech is disgusting and not the sort of thing that decent people say. Unfortunately, hate speech is also very common, whether directed at racial groups, at sexuality groups, at religious groups, at political groups, or some other group defined by what they are, think or do.

I think that the German laws against this hate speech are wrong because governments, even with good intentions, should not so interfere in free speech. However, Facebook is not a government and as a private business it is entitled to set conditions of good manners for its users. This includes maintaining polite public spaces for all, just as hate speech can reasonably be banned by private individuals in their homes and on their media outlets. On private groups or posts that the public cannot view, Facebook should allow even vile, offensive filth if that's what some people like,  but it is reasonable to block such things on public parts of Facebook. Of course, offensive comments to other users should be blocked, and we FB users can already do that: we don't need German law to force it done for us.

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Reference
Facebook wants to crack down against hate speech on migrants. (2015, February 27), BBC newsbeat. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/35677435/facebook-wants-to-crack-down-against-hate-speech-on-migrants

Should Apple help the FBI unlock the terrorists' iPhone?

Source background
According to the BBC News story "Apple asks court to reverse FBI iPhone order" (2016), Apple is continuing to refuse to follow the FBI's court order to help it read the information on the iPhone of the terrorist husband and wife couple who killed 14 people in San Bernadino, California last year.

The BBC News report says that the FBI argues that it needs the information to stop more terrorism, and that it has only asked Apple to help it read the information on the one phone that the terrorists encrypted. Apple's argument is that US Constitutional law makes the FBI and their court order illegal because computer code is speech and therefore protected under US free speech laws. The FBI has answered that Apple is only doing this to boost sales of iPhones and other Apple products.
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My Yes/No question is:
Should Apple help the FBI unlock the terrorists' iPhone?

My answer is:
No. Apple should continue to refuse to follow the court order to help the FBI as requested. Apple is right that the FBI has asked them to construct software that can be used on every similar Apple iPhone, not just for one phone. The FBI might say it's only for this one phone, but that is not believable. The FBI has often asked for Apple and other tech companies to help it get at private customer information in the past, and there is no reason I can think of why the FBI would not want to do the same with the tool they now want Apple to create.
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Reference
Apple asks court to reverse FBI iPhone order. (2016, February 25). BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/business-35664904

Welcome to AEP Reading and Writing 2, term 2, 2016

Welcome to our Reading and Writing level 2 (CD) class for the term.

Over the next six weeks, we will be working through a few chapters in Quest, which involve reading and writing several different kinds of texts. We will also add some extra reading and writing to keep things interesting every day; we will, for example, be reading a short novel and regularly writing on this class blog.

I hope you find the class useful and also enjoyable.

In the meantime, you might like to have a look at the some of the posts on this blog by my students in previous classes.

 Peter.