Saturday, 30 June 2018

Do animals have any rights to live peacefully ?

What I read

In "DR Congo: Oil drilling allowed in wildlife parks" (2018) says that the government have allow to explore for oil in the two protected wildlife parks in Congo which obviously have no good points for the endangered animal such as the apes, bonobo and mountain gorillas. Moreover, the environmental activists make a move to defended these two parks and claim that the oil exploration will cause more problems in global warming.

___________________________________ 

My response 

In my opinion, I believe that there have a lot of places in Congo to find oil. These two protected wildlife parks,Virunga and Salonga, should be excepted from the exploration, not only for the endangered animal, but also one of third area that will be destroyed from the human action. Moreover, who can guarantee that the wild animal will not harm by the explorers ? sometimes they need to protect themselves or their family, if they heard any loud noise, maybe they will come and attack the camp.

In addition, I think that no one have any rights to destroy the wildlife, everything have their own way to live and come along their fate, but human which is the most cruel species in the world always ruin them and claim for the human needs. I am truly can not accept this kind of thought and I hope that someone will speak this opinion out loud someday.
___________________________________ 

My question

Do the animals will harm by the explorers ?
___________________________________ 

Reference

DR Congo: Oil drilling allowed in wildlife parks(2018, June 30).

Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44662326

Friday, 29 June 2018

Supremely controversial

Justice Kennedy is seated second
from the left in the front row
What I read

In "Supreme Court: Why a fight over US abortion law now looms," Anthony Zurcher (2018) says that although it will almost certainly succeed in the Republican controlled Senate and House of Representatives, President Donald Trump's nomination to replace US Supreme Court justice Anthony Kennedy, who has announced his retirement, is likely to be very controversial since it has the potential to change the courts thinking on deeply divisive issues such as abortion, gay rights, the death penalty and affirmative action laws, all of which are themselves controversial in US society. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

Although I've never studied law, it has interested me for a long time, and I did a few courses in philosophy of law while at university. And although I'm not American, I am a great admirer of the US Constitution, which has served the United States nation very well for more than 200 years, being respected even by those who strongly disagree with particular decisions and acts made under that supreme law of the United States. No US army general would ever think of staging a coup to overthrow that foundation of the rule of law in the United States, nor can I imagine that the US people would ever accept such a violation of their sovereignty over their nation. 

But as Zurcher reports, US society is often very deeply divided, and the obvious example of this is abortion, which has been controversial since the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) made abortion legal in all states in its famous decision Roe v. Wade in 1973. Ever since then, those opposed to abortion have been trying to undo that decision finding a right to abortion in the Constitution of the United States. More recently, the extension of same-sex marriage to every state in the 2015 ruling Obergefell v. Hodges was also controversial, but I think that US society quickly moved forward to largely accept that, although there are still some who are very anti-gay, as the more recent Supreme Court case concerning the Christian baker who refused to make a cake for gay wedding shows us. 

Naturally, I  also have opinions on these issues, favouring both abortion rights for women and same-sex marriage rights, but whether I agree or disagree with their rulings, I enjoy reading the SCOTUS opinions. The judges write excellent academic English as they make the case for or against a law or act being consistent with or contrary to the US Constitution. Occasionally, I've even used the syllabus of an opinion for classes I teach at AUA — the content as much as the language is a thrilling challenge for students, even if they have no intention of studying law. 
___________________________________ 

My question

Is it a bad thing for a nation to have deeply divided opinions on issues? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

Wednesday, 27 June 2018

Getting into Unit 6 = Pressure (R&W2, p57, Discussion point)

What we read

On page 57 of Skillful, Rogers and Wilkin (2013) give us the usual large photograph and some discussion questions to introduce unit 6, whose title is "Pressure."

___________________________________ 

Rogers and Wilkin's questions

  • Look at the picture. Why do you think this man looks so stressed?
    He is probably stressed because ... 
     
  • What other things make people stressed? Why?
    Many people find ... stressful. 
     
  • What makes you stressed? Think about: family, money, technology, work/study.
    I get most stressed about ...  

As usual, Rogers and Wilkin also suggest some language to help you start your sentences, but it's up to you whether you use that or not. 
___________________________________ 

Reference

  • Rogers, L. & Wilkin, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing: Student's Book 2.  London: Macmillan Education 

Tuesday, 26 June 2018

Brainstorming and essay planning (R&W2, p26, Study skills)

What we read

The study skills page that follows Unit 2 of Rogers and Wilkins (2013, p. 26) gets us to think about and gives some suggestions on the planning stages of an essay. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

I wouldn't normally comment, but I do have a couple of responses here. They are to two mistakes that Rogers and Wilkin make. First, we are not given an essay title as they say a couple of times on page 26: we are given an essay question. Second, in their "Over to you" section that concludes the page, they write as though brainstorm means a group activity, which is wrong. However, apart from these two complaints, I do like their suggestions in the "Consider it" section. 
___________________________________ 

My question

On page 26, Rogers and Wilkin give us six suggestions, or tips as they call them, for "brainstorming and essay planning." 

  • Which two of these six tips do you think will be most useful for you? Why do you think this?
    The six tips as written are: 
    1. check it
    2. sum it up
    3. brainstorm
    4. create an essay plan
    5. plan your research 
    6. reflect
Write a comment to share your ideas on your two chosen tips. 


___________________________________ 

Reference

  • Rogers, L. & Wilkin, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing: Student's Book 2. London: Macmillan Education

youth football team trapped in the cave

What I read

The BBC News article ''Authorities search for football team trapped in Thai cave''(2018), says that the 12 youth members of the football team and their coach entered the Tham Luang Nang Non cave in Chiang Rai province but nobody can go out of this cave for 50 hours ago. The cause of this situation may be from heavy rain flooded a stream and very long dark at the cave. So, this is the reason that they can't go out. Now, Royal Thai Navy reached the cave to help the boys and their coach. Their parents are hopeful that they believe 13 boys were still alive. In addition, the divers found foot and hand prints on the dry ground inside the cave in an area not reached by the water.
___________________________________ 

My response 

In Thailand, there are many caves small and large caves, especially caves in the north. I have visited several caves. Inside the cave, It always has a Buddha statue. The cave is very beautiful, but breath hard because of low oxygen. I do not like caves much because I do not like dark environment. So, I think the cave is a very dangerous place for the reasons mentioned above.

I think the reason that they were trapped in the cave because they do not know about the information's cave. They don't know that this season is flooded and water will come into the cave. I think the solution is that the custodial staff of the cave park should be labeled with information about the cave to warn the tourist before going into caves. 

Finally, I wish the youth football team and divers from the Royal Thai Navy get out from the cave safely. 
___________________________________ 

My question

If you trapped in a cave, what should you do?



___________________________________ 

Reference

Do we have privacy in the big data period?

What I read

In "'I downloaded all my Facebook data and it was a nightmare'", Radhika Sanghani (2018) says that when the news exposed Facebook's activity which pass on data to other company. She downloaded her Facebook data and excruciating to find the FB known her even than herself. It knew her forgetting things, even privacy. But she allowed this activity when she didn’t know the clause. She had to face her past which she didn't want to remember. She couldn’t escape or delete it, because it saved in FB’s online folder. Through this news and real experience, she advised people that we should pay attention to data security.

___________________________________ 

My response 

I think the same things happened in my life. Usually, we use Taobao online shop to buy something I want. I had to agree with the clause if I wanted to use it. So this app collected lots of information on my phone, Taobao is a shopping app. It normally passes on adverts to me, but some adverts were strange. For example, I saw a good Ads on TV, and I chatted with my friend to talk about this goods, but I didn’t use Taobao to search it. When I opened Taobao app, it showed the Ads picture which I chatted with my friend, How did it know I interesting in this one? How much access does the app have? It's terrible to think about it.

As we all know, Wechat is an important app in China, but Is it safe? One day, my cousin received an unfamiliar friend request in Wechat, The stranger told my cousin she is me and she changed her account for some problems. I didn’t know her, but she knew my name, birthday and telephone number. Wechat not only a chat tool, it also a trading tool in China. This was a fraud. I didn’t know why the stranger had my family’s account.

But when some crimes happened, Some apps which record the location doesn’t work. It couldn’t find the criminal. One month ago, a Didi driver killed a young flight attendant and escaped. Didi had to use a real-name person to registered, but they couldn’t find the murderer, because the information was fake. We believe that the real-name authentication should protect us, but sometimes it doesn‘t work. I think the network is important at this time, but we need awareness of how to protect yourself better.
___________________________________ 

My question

Do you think if we have privacy?
___________________________________ 

Reference

Social media stars

What I read

     According to Are Instagram stars facing a brand backlash? (2018) by Mary-Ann Russon, the vloggers and the bloggers are very popular to motivate several businesses. Due to the engagement between them and their followers, business sector usually use those influencers atttaching people to engaging their products in social application such as Facebook and Instagram. The popularity's influencers do not come in the short time and an easy way. Moreover, they still confront with fake influencers who use bot for creating their flows. That is, the existence's those stars need to compete and be challenging always.
___________________________________ 

My response

     Nowadays, social media have a significant role in our activities. Many companies pay more attentions for advertisement like one investment. To promote is different based on their strategies, but one interesting method is to use the influencers providing to reach customer. It may be true that the more you invest in promoting, the more people know you are. However, it will be better if this investment has an efficiency promoters and gains the positive effect also.
     Certainly, every businesses want to make profits from their total costs, and to choose the influencers is one  important method of their aims. Most of companies require the influencers who only have a big followers, so they believe that those influencers may have an impact on their viewing rate. Yet in practical, we should realise that the accepted decision's buyer relies on their trust and engagement. Furthermore, Instagram application found that they deleted the fake account more than million per day. Thus, only the big  fan followings without engagement barely mean to order.
    In contrast, some micro influencers evolving to their followers closely can make trust better than the previous one. The goal of some companies emphasizes to choose them in order to promote the direct target group. However, this method requires  huge amount of money paid for the larger influencers. Therefore, these methods may be probably proper or improper in each different situations and the visions.
 ___________________________________ 

My question

     What would you choose between micro-influencers and macro-inflluencers if you were an owner? And why?
___________________________________ 

Reference

  • Russon, M. (2018, June 22). Are Instagram stars facing a brand backlash?. Retrieve from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44539536

Severe Air Pollution

What I read

In "Why does India's air look different from space?"(2018),Jonathan Amos says that the reason that India's air look different from space by satellite. According to the picture show, the colour of India's air is very different the air around  India.Indian use  a lot of wood to cook and heating, so it cause severe air pollution and produce a lots of harmful air for breathe and health. People can observe this situation by a satellite that was launched by the European Space Agency. It has higher capability more than its predecessor.


___________________________________ 

My response 

We can see the colour of air above Indian sky by a satellite photo and the colour is very different from colour of air around India. Scientists analyze the air constituents and point out that there are lots of harmful ingredients, such as the formaldehyde and ground-level ozone.This is a severe respiratory 
irritant that can lead to significant health problems. Scientists also give the reason that cause so severe 
air pollution because of fire. Unfortunately there are many kinds of fire in India, for example a lot of agricultural fires and India also uses considerable quantities of wood in the home for cooking and heating.

As technology development, we start to use satellite to surveille air quality, it has high ratio to work.
This time, it does a satellite find the case, the satellite named Sentinel-5P was launched by the European Space Agency, it equip some advanced instruments to observe the earth and find air quality to change 
quickly.

___________________________________ 
My question
Would you like to give up some habits for improving air quality?
___________________________________ 

Reference

Monday, 25 June 2018

Video games are good, you know

What I read

According to “WHO gaming disorder listing a ‘moral panic’, say experts” (2018) by Alex Therrien, WHO recently classified a new mental health disorder called ‘gaming disorder’. It causes many experts to question about its validity and benefits due to lack of supporting scientific evidence.
___________________________________ 

My response 

When I was a kid, most adults I knew they had bad impression on anyone playing video games. I don’t know why. Maybe, they think it is an unproductive activity, or kids should spend their free time reading or learning new things, instead of playing video games. I think their ideas were correct in a way, because most early video games were made for entertainment and had nothing much to learn from. But as our technologies keep getting better and better, modern video games are not quite the same. They are much more complex. Video games playing these days requires a lot of decision making skills, whether you play against computer or other human. In order to win a game, you will encounter sequences of many situations, in which you have to decide what the best choice you should take. And, if you don’t think carefully enough, you are going to lose for sure. So, I think playing games is more of doing brain exercise, and it is good for the brain.
Recently, I heard of something called E-sports which is a kind of professional game competitions. I don’t know much about E-sports. I also wonder why there are so many people enjoy watching other people playing video games. However, it is part of gaming business now. As far as I know, E-sports is very similar to other professional sports such as football, golf, motor racing, etc. The top professional gamers can make a lot of money from participating in competitions or having sponsors. Though, I wonder how likely it is for an amateur gamer to turn professional. Anyway, it is good to know that kids, who love playing video games, have a chance to become a professional players.
___________________________________ 

My question

If someone you care about spends too much time playing video game, would you advice that person to see a doctor? Why? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

Therrien, A. (2018, June 21). WHO gaming disorder listing a ‘moral panic’, say experts. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/health-44560338 

Rihanna and Cardi B pay tribute to murdered teen

What I read

According to "Rihanna and Cardi B pay tribute to murdered teen" (2018) by BBC, Rihanna and Cardi B have paid tribute to Lesandro Junior Guzman-Feliz, a 15-year-old teen who was murdered in the Bronx, New York, last week. He was attacked with a machete. Cardi B, who's from the Bronx, donated $8000 to the victim's family. Cardi later uploaded a video of Leandra thanking her for the donation, and called for others to visit Lesandro's GoFundMe page. In just three days, over 6,000 people have donated to the account and raised almost $150,000. Rihanna also brought attention to the murder when she shared a picture of the teen on her Instagram on Sunday.

___________________________________ 

My response 

After I read "Rihanna and Cardi B pay tribute to murdered teen" (2018) from BBC, this news make me think that there are more and more murderer nowadays, and they keep commit a crime every single day. That's why I've got an idea in my mind, why there're still have many criminal although we have a law and police.

I think that the reason why people commit a crime is they are ignorant. So we can give them an education about law and other reason why we shouldn't commit a crime to make our city safe.
___________________________________ 

My question

What should we do to reduce a crime and criminal?
___________________________________ 

Reference

Feeling blue?

What I read

In "Cyan colour hidden ingredient in sleep" (2018), Sean Coughlan says that in order to either encourage or discourage sleep, colours on screens can be created with or without the particular blue colour, called cyan, that recent research has found to affect how awake people feel. This is more specific than previous knowledge that blue light could interfere with a good night's sleep. According to the research, our eyes do not need to actually detect the particular colour for it to interfere with sleep. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

The solid blue image that is included with this BBC News article caught my eye. It's unusual to see an image that is only rectangle of one colour. The other image with this article also helps us to understand the researchers idea that colours we see as the same can actually be created from different mixtures of pixels on the screens we stare at. 

If you are like me, you spend hours every day looking at screens. I don't look at my phone screen all that much, but I spend a lot of time reading on my tablet, working in front of my main computer or a laptop, and also watching TV. I've known that the blue from these screens can mess up my sleep, but I haven't really done anything about it. I'm more worried about people calling or messaging me after I've gone to sleep. That used to annoy me, so these days I use the "Do not disturb" mode on my phone, which means that no calls or other notifications are sounded between 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM, except for a group of six close friends and relatives. I think that they won't call me when I'm asleep unless it really is urgent, so they are the only people who can contact me. 

But now I'm thinking of also changing the setting on my phone that controls how much blue light it gives off. I know that I need a good night's sleep to function well the next day. 
___________________________________ 

My question

Do you have special settings for your phone or other devices to help you get a good night's sleep? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

A Bad Hair Day for Iran

What I read

According to "World Cup 2018: Footballer's hair 'too wild' for Iranian TV" (2018) by BBC Monitoring and Georgina Rannard, although subsequently denied by Iranian officials, football star Carles Puyot was unable to take part in commentating on a football game because officials disapproved of "his trademark long curly hair," which was said to be against the Islamic traditions of Iran. Initially, some thought that, after travelling to Tehran for the show, Puyot was refused entry to the TV station because his fee was too high, but he later said it was because of his hair. Many Iranians have since used social media to mock their government and officials for this decision not to let Puyot appear on TV. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

As you can see in my reference citation below, the publication date is June 24, but I first saw this article a day or two earlier, when the sole author was Georgina Rannard. Apparently, the Iranian government officials denied the story later, so the BBC's monitoring service revised the original article, which meant the publication date for the current version became the later June 24, and the second author was added. (Authors don't have to be individual people; they can also be groups.)  

When I read the additional information at the bottom this morning, I thought: "Who is lying: Puyot or the Iranian government?" I think the officials are lying. If they are not lying, they are seriously stupid. Why would they have paid for him to travel to Tehran and then stopped him from doing the TV show at the very last minute? That seems unlikely, so I'm inclined to believe that Puyot is telling the truth. Unfortunately, politicians and state officials are not always honest, so unless they present some more substantial evidence, I think it's reasonable to believe the football player's explanation of why he did not appear on Iranian TV. If they are really not worried about his long hair, all the officials need do is invite him to appear on a few more shows, which will prove that the hair is not a problem. But will they? 


Like the Iranians laughing at their government and rules for making their country look backward, I have to agree that the rules are foolish. We expect cultures to change, to evolve. The only cultures that are not changing are dead ones. And I think that if the law has to be used to force citizens to follow some ancient tradition, then that tradition is probably bad and should not be followed. Good traditions and social customs do not need laws to dictate the personal behaviour of citizens, so there does seem to me to be something unhealthy about the traditions that the Iranian government is trying to protect against the wishes of modern citizens. 
___________________________________ 

My question

Does it matter what kind of hairstyle people have? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

  • BBC Monitoring & Rannard, G. (2018, June 24). World Cup 2018: Footballer's hair 'too wild' for Iranian TV. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-44577659
    Note the two author names here - follow the link to see why the reference citation is written this way. 

Saturday, 23 June 2018

Drive: readings 1 & 2, "Making a Difference" & "Most Likely to Succeed" (B&S3, p79, Developing critical thinking)

What we read

We have now read and checked our understanding of the ideas in both readings from Unit 8 of Bixby and Scanlon, "Making a Difference" (2013, p. 79) and  "Most Likely to Succeed" (p. 81). As usual, we are now asked to apply the ideas from both readings in a critical thinking exercise. 

___________________________________ 

Bixby and Scanlon's questions

Comment on the following questions, which are the critical thinking questions on page 82 (Bixby & Scanlon, 2013). 

  • Who is the most successful person you know? How did they achieve their success? (We actually started getting ideas on this question in our first writing exercise on Classroom last week. You can choose the same person to discuss, or someone different that you know.)
     
  • Describe one idea you have had that you have never followed through on. What stopped you? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

  • Bixby, J. & Scanlon, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing: Student's Book 3. Oxford: Macmillan Education

Drive: before reading 2 "Most Likely to Succeed" (SRW3, p80)

What we read

Before we read a text, Bixby and Scanlon invite us to think about the topic or ideas that are coming up. The second reading in Unit 8 of Skillful Reading and Writing 3 is titled "Most Likely to Succeed," and as usual, there is a question to share our ideas on before we read it. 

___________________________________ 

Bixby and Scanlon's question


  • What do you think makes  a person successful? Think about it for a minute, then write your definition of success in a comment. 

You might like to add some examples or explanation to help us be clear about your main idea that is the definition. 
___________________________________ 

Reference

  • Bixby, J. & Scanlon, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing: Student's Book 3. Oxford: Macmillan Education 

Drive: reading 1, "Making a Difference" (B&S3, p79, Developing critical thinking)

What I read

We have just read and checked our understanding of "Making a Difference."

___________________________________ 

Our response 

Having read the text a couple of times, Bixby and Scanlon now invite us to respond to those idea in a critical thinking exercise.
___________________________________ 

Bixby and Scanlon's questions

Comment on the following questions, which are the critical thinking questions on page 79 (Bixby & Scanlon, 2013), and then reply to at least two of your classmates' comments. 

  • Describe your reaction to William's story. How do you think the attitudes of the people in his village changed after his success?
     
  • What words would you use to describe William's personality? Do you (or someone you know) share of the the same traits? Which ones?  
___________________________________ 

Reference

  • Bixby, J. & Scanlon, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing: Student's Book 3. Oxford: Macmillan Education

So, you think your smartphone will never do that?

What I read

In "IBM’s machine argues, pretty convincingly, with humans," Dave Lee (2018) says that both an independent academic, who described it as an “impressive piece of technology,” and an audience who watched a live debate between a human national-champion debater and IBM's latest AI, named Project Debater, were impressed. The live debate audience thought that, although the human had superior delivery, the machine gave more solid arguments in its responses to points made by the human opponent. According to Lee, IBM's director of research emphasizes the progress that Project Debater makes in its ability to understand and use human languages in ways that are beyond not only such computers as Deep Blue, who long ago become the world's chess champion, but also Google's various game-playing AIs. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

As I was reading the article for the third time in preparation for writing my summary above, there were lots of thoughts running through my head, so many that I can't remember them in any order. Like the academic expert and the audience, I was impressed at how far machines have come so very quickly. In fact, the adjective impressed sounds too weak: amazed is perhaps a bit better, even seriously amazed. Yes, I'm seriously amazed at what our machines can do today. Back when I first played with computers in high school, I visited the local college, who kindly allowed me some time to try out the computer that they were proud of. It filled an entire room. The input was by keyboard only. The screen was black and white, and perhaps 12 inches. (We're talking late 1970s here.) And the machine was not smart. It couldn't do much more than basic math and simple, very simple, word processing. Compared to the machine that I now carry in my pocked, and talk to, it really was pathetic. It certainly wasn't a threat to many human jobs or to our egos. 


At lunch with Ea and his
dad a couple of weeks ago 
And talking of talking to machines, I regularly search using Google's voice technology. I say "OK, Google," and it starts listening for my request, which it almost always understands correctly, and then it does what I've asked for: I get a list of search results, or it makes a calendar entry, or whatever. I wouldn't trust Google to translate Thai to English or vice versa just yet, I'm still better at that, even though my Thai is not great, but about three years ago, I was greatly impressed at Google's ability to to do immediate voice translation between languages. A visitor turned up with a Spanish friend. I don't speak Spanish at all, and he didn't speak any English. Out came my old Samsung Galaxy 6, and we opened Google translate. I spoke English and it immediately came back in Spanish. He replied in Spanish, and it immediately came back in English. I couldn't judge the quality of the translation, but we had an intelligent and varied conversation through my phone for about 30 minutes without any problems. As I said, I was impressed, and that was years ago. On the other hand, Google's Thai to English ability is pretty awful — I would never recommend that, although some of my nieces in Australia do chat with my friend Yo's eleven-year-old son Ea, and they say they get by OK using Google translate. 

I'm sure that with more practice, Google will very quickly get better at Thai than I am. And then what? 
___________________________________ 

My question 

Is there anything that a machine cannot do better than a human being? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

Friday, 22 June 2018

Ending an unhealthy addiction

What I read

According to "Canada legalises recreational cannabis use" (2018), although there is opposition from some politicians who think that it might lead to greater use of the drug, especially among young people, Canada's parliament has now overwhelmingly passed a law that legalizes the growing, sale and possession of the drug marijuana, which had been illegal in Canada since 1923. However, although Canadians have now joined the growing number of other countries that have legalized this popular drug, it will take about three more months for regulations to be be set up before the new law takes full effect. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

Although I think drug use is generally a bad idea, at least marijuana is much less harmful both to users and to society than is the popular drug alcohol, which kills thousands every year on Thai roads. And of course alcohol is also often a stimulus to rape, to domestic abuse of spouses and children, to fights and to other violence, in addition to antisocial behaviour in public. It has always seemed to me weird, and morally indefensible, that such a harmful drug as alcohol is legal whilst a much safer drug like marijuana is illegal. 

But the costs of criminalizing the personal decisions of adults don't only include the harms the drugs directly cause to society and users. As that classic film The Godfather accurately portrays, making alcohol illegal in the US from 1920 to 1933 in order to save society, in fact invited the mafia to take over and corrupt the legal and political system of the US, from which that nation has never recovered. Exactly the same thing is seen wherever popular activities that do not directly harm others are made criminal for bad reasons: mafia gangs flourish and make vast profits, and officials become corrupt. Although I can understand why people worry about others, especially their children, using drugs, making those drugs illegal only worsens all of the harms to society, as history and the available statistics clearly show: the use of opium, for example, increased dramatically in  China only after it had been made illegal! And alcohol prohibition in the US no more reduced alcohol use than the laws against it in Thailand have ever reduced yaa baa use among young Thais. It seems to me both irrational and immoral to give mafia gangs a monopoly to get rich on and to corrupt official whilst making drug harms to society worse. As Portugal, which decriminalized all personal drug use in 2001, there are much more effective ways to reduce the harms that drugs cause. 

The other detail that interested me in the BBC story was that the bill had to wait for royal assent, a reminder that, like my own country, Canada still has Queen Elizabeth II is its head of state, so she has to formally approve all legislation, but she is sensible and always does what the politicians tell her to. I don't know the constitutional law of Canada, but for my country, Australia, the monarch has no choice: she must promptly approve all legislation that the Australian government passes. 
___________________________________ 

My question

Should marijuana and other popular drugs be legalized for sale and use by adults in your country? 
___________________________________ 

Reference

Evolving awarenesses

What I read

In the BBC News article "Mystery extinct ape found in ancient Chinese tomb," Helen Briggs (2018) reports that their analysis of part of a gibbon skull found in a tomb, perhaps that of the grandmother of the first Chinese emperor, Qin Shihuang, responsible for the Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors about 2,300 years ago, has led researchers to conclude that it came from a previously unknown species of gibbon, which likely become extinct a few hundred years ago as a result of increasing human destruction of its natural habitats, making it the first such primate known to have been eliminated by human activity. According to Briggs, gibbons were one type of "luxury pets," with the bones of lynx, leopards and a black bear also being found in the tomb. 

___________________________________ 

My response 

Getting ready to tour
my brother's home
The first thing I thought when I read this story was that keeping luxury pets is still fashionable. I remember that the boxer Mike Tyson kept a tiger, and I've seen photographs of other celebrities with other exotic pets, from kangaroos to giant pythons, which I believe are now commonly kept in the US, to wolves and tortoises. And in the first Terminator movie many years ago, there was a pet iguana. I'm not sure how affectionate, or even safe, some of these pets are, but they seem to fit the definition of luxury. I guess that humans like to both keep pets and to show off, which seems to me the likely motivation for keeping such pets. Now that I think of it, the Roman Emperors were also fond of pets, having very large collections imported from all over the empire. My own family has always been content to stick with the  more traditional dogs, of which there has never been a shortage. When I visit at Songkran and my brothers and sisters come along for a meal at my brother's home, where I stay, they bring not only their kids but also their dogs. who enjoy the food and fun as much as we do. 


The other issue that the article raises is the typically harmful effect of humans on other species. Except where an animal is easily farmed and is tasty or otherwise useful to us, we tend to be harmful to them. Pigs and cows have done very well as a result of human activity, as have dogs and cats, but the animals we classify as "wild" have not tended to thrive under our increasing domination of the planet, with a long list having been pushed to extinction over the last few thousand years, from mammoths, to dodos, and many more along the way. I'm in two minds about this. On the one hand, we humans are a natural part of the environment, like every other living thing we are related to, from chimpanzees to roses and bacteria, all of which are our relatives, so I'm not sure that its any worse if a species becomes extinct because of us than if it becomes extinct for any other natural reason, such as a meteor hitting the Earth or a new predator moving into an area. On the other hand, we are significantly different in our ability to form and act on moral considerations, so perhaps we should behave differently to the animals, plants and bacteria that are our less capable relatives in the tree of life on Earth. 
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My question

How much should we worry about other species of animals becoming extinct because of human activity? 
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Reference

Thursday, 21 June 2018

Community: reading 2 "Ants: Master Collaborators" (R&W2, p22, Developing critical thinking)

What we read

We have just read and checked our understanding of "Ants: Master Communicators," the second reading in Unit 2 of Skillful RW2.
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Our response 

Having read the text a couple of times, Rogers and Wilkin now invite us to respond to the ideas in a critical thinking exercise.
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Rogers and Wilkin's questions

Comment on the following questions, which are the critical thinking questions on page 9 (Rogers & Wilkin, 2013), and then reply to at least two of your classmates' comments. 

questions

  • What would be the advantages and disadvantages if human communities were more like  and communities?
    One advantage is that we would be more ... / Another problem might be that ...
    The biggest problem would be ... / A disadvantage could be that ... 
    As usual, it's up to you whether you use the language that Rogers and Wilkin suggest to help you start responding. 
     
  • Some animals, like ants, are part of highly organized communities, whereas others, like tigers, work only for themselves. Which do you think are more like humans? Why?
    I think that we are more like ... . / I think we are more like ... because ... 
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Reference

  • Rogers, L. & Wilkin, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing, Student's Book 2. London: Macmillan Education

Wednesday, 20 June 2018

Community: reading 1 "Living by the Rules" (R&W2, p19, Developing critical thinking)

What I read

We have just read and checked our understanding of "Living by the Rules," the first reading in Unit 2 of Skillful RW2.

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Our response 

Having read the text a couple of times, Rogers and Wilkin now invite us to respond to the ideas in a critical thinking exercise.
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Rogers and Wilkin's questions

Comment on the following questions, which are the critical thinking questions on page 9 (Rogers & Wilkin, 2013), and then reply to at least two of your classmates' comments. 

questions

  • If you could change the rules at your school or place of study, which rules would you change? Why?
    If I could change the rules, I'd allow people to ...
    I'd change the rule that says ... / that requires ... 
    As usual, it's up to you whether you use the language that Rogers and Wilkin suggest to help you start responding. 
     
  • Would you like to live in a community with no rules? Why or why not?
    I'd like to live in a community with no rules. I think it would be ...
    I wouldn't like to live in a community that had no rules because ...
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Reference

  • Rogers, L. & Wilkin, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing, Student's Book 2. London: Macmillan Education

Tuesday, 19 June 2018

Community: before reading 1 "Living by the Rules" ((R&W2, p12) - Oops

What we read

On page 18, Rogers and Wilkin ask us to think about and discuss the quotation: "Life is not fair. Get used to it. The quotation itself has an interesting history, and it appears that the authors of Skillful did not check carefully enough, although their mistake is a common one. The source of the short quotation is not, as they say, Microsoft founder Bill Gates"(2013), but rather, the much less famous Charles J. Sykes, who first said it in a newspaper column in 1996 — the San Diego Union Tribune, on September 19, 1996 ("Bill Gates High School Speech," 2013; Jones, 2010). 

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Rogers and Wilkin's questions


  • Do you agree or disagree with this quotation? Why or why not? 
  • When is it acceptable for things to be unfair? 
"Life is not fair. Get used to it."
(Charles J, Sykes, 1996)

Think for one minute. Then write a comment to share your ideas about Sykes' words. 
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Reference

Getting into Unit 2 = Community (R&W2, p17, Discussion point)

What we read

Click it to enlarge the image
On page 17 of Skillful, Rogers and Wilkin (2013) use a large photograph and some discussion questions to introduce the topic of unit 2, community, which is also the title of this unit.

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Rogers and Wilkin's questions


  • What different communities do you belong to?
    Think about your family, school, sports teams, and neighbourhood.
     
  • For all of the communities you thought of that you belong to, what are some common rules that they share? What are some rules specific to one community?
     
  • Why do we have rules? Why are they important? 
As usual, on page 17 Rogers and Wilkin also suggest some language to help you start your sentences, but it's up to you whether you use that or not. 

And since we want our responses to standalone, to make sense to readers who have not seen the questions, I suggest you spend a minute or two thinking, perhaps scribbling a few very quick, short notes, before you start writing your paragraph or two, or three, to tell us your responses to the questions. 


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Reference

  • Rogers, L. & Wilkin, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing: Student's Book 2.  London: Macmillan Education 

Monday, 18 June 2018

Free to Offend Their Culture

What I read

The BBC News report "German rappers anti-Semitism lyrics probe dropped" (2018) says that although the outrage from groups throughout Germany in response to the German music industry giving it to two rap singers led to a music award being abolished, German justice officials have decided not to prosecute the two singers for offensive lyrics about Jews. The prosecutor's office explains that although the words of rap songs might often be rude, sexist, and anti-gay as well as offensive for other reasons, the German constitution's protection of free speech means that those hated ideas must also be protected by the rule of law, even though Holocaust denial is a criminal offence under German law.

Before I could write this 111 word summary, I had to read my chosen source three times, thinking carefully about what was important enough to include. Then I had to spend more time working out how to combine those main ideas into my two summary sentences. This took me about 30 minutes, or perhaps a little longer (I didn't time it exactly). I then reread the source again to make sure that every idea in the summary was in the source. 

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My response 

Although I don't think it goes far enough, I agree with German rule of law that protects free speech, even when that speech is disgusting to many people. I think that the words to the the songs by the two singers, known as Echo, are offensive. They compare their muscular bodies to the starved bodies of Jews who were killed by the authoritarian, rule loving Nazis, and they seem to say that another Holocaust would be a good thing. The Nazis, who were democratically elected before becoming dictators, were popular with the German people because they said that the rule of law must be followed, and they were very strict as they used the rule of law they made up to murder millions of Jews, gays, black people and gypsies before and during World War 2. The Nazis show us very clearly that the rule of law is often morally corrupt: all such dictatorships, however popular, are morally bad. 

Getting back to my point, I also think that democratic law should protect opinions that are certainly false. This is what I disagree with in current German rule of law. It does protect the right to express opinions that are deeply offensive, such as homophobic, anti-woman, and religious prejudice, which I also think are false opinions, but it does not allow people who truly believe that the Nazis did not murder millions of people following their evil laws and popular policies to say that. In fact, on a couple of occasions, German and Austrian academics have been imprisoned or forced into exile for making such statements. I think that a better response, the democratic response that respects good morals, is to allow such false and ugly statements to be made, and then to prove them to be wrong. 

Unlike the idea that democracy means majority rule, I think the correct understanding of democracy is that all citizens have an equal right to a voice in deciding the form or their society, its institutions and its government, and this means that even the sickest, most disgusting ideas have to be allowed, pornography for example, but we don't have to agree with or listen to the filth that some people vomit out into our society. 

I timed this response as I wrote. It took me exactly 13:09 minutes to write, although I had spent a few minutes thinking about it before I started writing. In fact, after writing the short summary paragraph, which took me a lot longer, I then saved this blog post and thought about my response here while I had my morning shower. I usually like to do this. I think my response is better when I leave myself a bit of time for my brain to work on it. 
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My question

Do you agree with German law? Should ideas that are offensive to a majority of people in a culture be protected by the rule of law? 
Note that this is two sentences, but it's only one question. 
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Reference

Nourishment: readings 1 & 2, "Food as Communication" & "Farms of the Future" (R&W2, p12, Developing critical thinking)

What we read

We have now read and checked our understanding of both readings in Unit 1 of Rogers and Wilkin, that is, "Food as Communication" & "Farms of the Future" (pp. 10 & 12, 2013). 

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Our response 

Having read both of the texts a couple of times, Rogers and Wilkin now invite us to respond to the ideas in a critical thinking exercise.
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Rogers and Wilkin's questions

Think about the ideas from "Food as Communication" & "Farms of the Future" and write a comment to respond to these questions: 

  • A traditional Sunday roast in the West typically travels almost 13,000 miles to get to the dinner table. What traditional foods in your culture are now imported? 
    • Nowadays, we usually import most of our ,.. from ... It's up to you whether you use the suggested language or not. It's something you might like to start with. 
       
  • How can we share the world's food supply better? Think about the ideas in the box on page 12. (You can also click on the image above to enlarge it.) 
    • We need to / could / should / try ... 
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Reference

  • Rogers, L. & Wilkin, J. (2013). Skillful Reading & Writing, Student's Book 2. London: Macmillan Education